study on ecological growth conditions of cattle hyalomma ticks in punjab, pakistan

background: the survey for the prevalence of different species of cattle hyalomma ticks was carried out in three districts (rawalpindi, multan and lahore) of punjab province in pakistan. the bionomical conditions suitable for hyalomma were also studied in laboratory. methods:  one hundred specimens of ticks of different genera were collected from each district. after identification, the hyalomma ticks were reared in laboratory under the influence of varying temperature and humidity. results:  the   results showed highest prevalence (67%) of ticks in district lahore. the highest prevalence (12%) of hya­lomma ticks and lowest prevalence (3.1%) of rhipicephalus in cattle was recorded. the bionomical study showed the high­est mean pre oviposition period was   during spring while it was lowest   in autumn .the  mean oviposition period was  also highest in spring  . the incubation period of the ova of hyalomma varied in different seasons. no oviposition was   recorded at the temperature 10 0 c and 85% humidity. the maximum number of eggs was laid at 34 0 c and lowest egg production oc­curred at 15 0 c. the maximum number of eggs hatched at 32 0 c and 85% humidity. conclusion: the variation in relative humidity had no appreciable effect on rate of development of ticks while the number of eggs laid increase with rise in temperature.